Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening

Testing for cervical cancer in Singapore can be done in two ways: HPV Test or Pap Smear.

Women between the age of 25 to 29 years old can take a Pap Smear test to check for any abnormal cells or tissues that may lead to cancer. Pap tests are able to detect abnormal (precancerous or cancer) cells that develop in the outer layer of the cervix. 
Women 30 years and above are recommended to undergo a HPV test to check for cervical cancer symptoms. The HPV test is able to identify high-risk viral infections even before they lead to cancer. 

Both procedures are done similarly. Your health provider will take sample tissues from your cervix by gently scraping them using a brush or a spatula. The samples are then sent to a laboratory and undergo further examinations to check any abnormalities. These tests are safe and done quickly.

Pap smear tests are usually recommended for women aged 25-29, and HPV tests are recommended for those 30 years old and above

Here are some general instructions to prepare for a Pap test:

• Ask questions or express any concerns that you may have to your healthcare provider, so they may address these prior to your Pap Smear/HPV test.
• Schedule your cervical cancer screening  when you are not on your monthly period. Ideally book your test two weeks after the start of your period. 
• Avoid sexual contact within 48 hours prior to your test.
• Avoid using feminine products, such as vaginal creams, douches or foams, 48 hours prior to your scheduled test as these can affect the result of your test.
• Inform your healthcare provider if you notice any changes concerning your reproductive health. If you are feeling unwell or have any infections, it is advisable that you reschedule your Pap test to ensure the accuracy of its results.
• Wear comfortable clothing that can easily be removed on the day of your Pap test. 

Yes, Pap Smear is still needed despite having HPV vaccination as the vaccine does not provide protection for some types of HPV that can cause cervical cancer.

Yes, HPV test is still needed after menopause as the risk of developing cervical cancer does not disappear even at this life stage. 

For women aged 25-29, Pap Smear should be done every three years. For women aged 30-65, HPV test  should be done in an interval of five years.

Tests may be advised to be conducted more frequently depending on the results.  

The frequency of breast cancer screening depends on a woman’s age and risk factors. Mammograms are usually recommended to begin by the age of 40. Annual mammogram screening is advised from 40-49 years and every two years for women 50 years old and above. Depending on your personal and family medical conditions , your doctor will advise you on the suitable breast cancer screening for you.

Mammograms use an X-ray machine that is made up of two plates that flattens the breast to get a clear image of the tissues. The procedure applies force to compress the breast, which can bring discomfort, and for some, pain. To help ease the pain, book your mammogram test around 7-14 days after the first day of your menstruation as your breasts will be least tender during this time. Communicating your concerns about discomfort with the imaging technologist allows her to help with the imaging process. You may also ask your doctor about taking pain medications before your test.

While it is not uncommon to report soreness or tenderness for the rest of the day, most women do not experience pain after the completion of their mammogram.

There are other reasons aside from cancer that can cause an abnormal mammogram result. Your doctor will go through the report and do a thorough assessment before advising on the next best step for you. This may include further investigations like other forms of imaging or tissue sampling with a biopsy, which are usually done with a specialist.  

Follow these tips to prepare for your mammogram test:

• Book your mammogram at a facility that specialises in mammograms and focuses on comfort.
• Book your mammogram appointment about 7-14 days after the first day of menstruation, at a time when your breasts are least tender to minimise discomfort and pain during the procedure
• Do not use any products, such as creams, deodorants, lotions, powders or perfumes on your breast or underarms as these can affect the results of your mammogram. You may use these products after your mammogram is done.
• Inform your healthcare provider about any changes to your breast or overall health. Consider rescheduling your mammogram if you are feeling unwell.
• Inform your healthcare provider if you have breast implants, are breastfeeding or pregnant.
• Wear comfortable clothes on the day of your mammogram, preferably use a top that is easy to remove as you need to undress above the waist for the test.